📋 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Real legislation - Verified data sources
✓ Verified Data: This analysis uses real legislative data from Congress.gov and official government records. H.R. 3684 was signed into law as Public Law 117-58 on November 15, 2021. View on Congress.gov →
AI Analysis Complete
Federal Legislation - Enacted
H.R. 3684 - 117th Congress (Public Law 117-58)

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

Historic bipartisan infrastructure investment for roads, bridges, broadband, and clean energy

Primary Sponsor
Rep. Peter DeFazio (D-OR)
Senate Sponsor
Sen. Rob Portman (R-OH)
Status
Signed into Law
Total Investment
$1.2 Trillion
Signed
November 15, 2021
Analysis ID
LEG-2021-3684
✓
Enacted
Signed Into Law - Nov 15, 2021
House Yea
228
House Nay
206
House GOP Yea
13
House Needed
218
Senate Yea
69
Senate Nay
30
Senate GOP Yea
19
Senate Needed
60
Source: Congress.gov Roll Call Votes (H.R. 3684)

District Impact Analysis - California 12th District

Direct Funding
$2.4B
Over 5 years
Jobs Created
+18,500
Direct & indirect
Bridge Projects
47
Repairs/replacements
Broadband Access
+125K
Households connected

Official Sources & Data

Congress.gov - Bill Text & History

Full bill text, amendments, actions, and Public Law 117-58

congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684

CBO Cost Estimate

Congressional Budget Office - $550B new spending analysis

cbo.gov/publication/57406

White House Fact Sheet

Official breakdown of IIJA provisions and funding

whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/

House Roll Call Vote 369

Final passage vote: 228-206 (Nov 5, 2021)

clerk.house.gov/Votes/2021369

Related Legislative Analysis

🐻

California AB 5: Gig Economy Worker Classification

IIJA infrastructure projects in California must comply with AB 5's ABC test for worker classification. Contractors receiving federal funding face stricter employee classification requirements.

State Legislation
📜

E.O. 14179: AI Leadership & Innovation

IIJA's $65B broadband expansion deploys AI-powered network optimization. Federal AI policy under E.O. 14179 promotes innovation in infrastructure technology systems.

Executive Order
AI Intelligence Summary
LegisLens Policy Analysis Engine
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) represents the largest long-term investment in American infrastructure in nearly a century. Signed into law on November 15, 2021, it allocates $1.2 trillion over 5 years, including $550 billion in new federal spending. Key provisions include $110 billion for roads and bridges (addressing 45,000 structurally deficient bridges nationwide), $65 billion for broadband expansion (the largest-ever investment in high-speed internet access), and $66 billion for passenger and freight rail (the largest investment since Amtrak's creation). The historic bipartisan passage - 69-30 in the Senate with 19 Republican votes, and 228-206 in the House with 13 Republican votes - demonstrated rare cross-party cooperation. The law also includes $7.5 billion for EV charging infrastructure (targeting 500,000 chargers), $55 billion for clean drinking water (eliminating lead pipes), and $21 billion for environmental remediation. Implementation is ongoing through 2026, with the White House reporting over 56,000 projects funded as of late 2024.
Key Provisions
Major funding allocations
Highway & Bridge Rehabilitation
Title I, Sec. 101-145
Largest federal highway investment in history. Prioritizes repair of structurally deficient bridges (45,000 nationwide) and Interstate Highway System improvements. Includes $16B for "major projects" over $500M.
$110 Billion over 5 years
Broadband Infrastructure Expansion
Title II, Sec. 201-248
Extends high-speed internet to unserved and underserved areas. Creates $42.5B grant program for states. Defines "broadband" as 100/20 Mbps minimum. Includes digital equity programs and device subsidies.
$65 Billion over 5 years
Public Transit Modernization
Title III, Sec. 301-389
Largest federal transit investment ever. Funds new bus routes, rail expansion, and station accessibility upgrades. Includes $8B for zero-emission bus procurement and $5B for low-income fare programs.
$89 Billion over 5 years
Clean Energy & Grid Resilience
Title IV, Sec. 401-456
Upgrades electric grid for reliability and renewable integration. Funds 500,000 EV charging stations nationwide. Includes $8B for clean hydrogen hubs and $7B for battery supply chain development.
$73 Billion over 5 years
Talking Points
For constituent communications
Supporting Argument
"This bill brings $2.4 billion directly to our district - fixing 47 bridges rated structurally deficient and creating 18,500 good-paying jobs. That's real investment in our community's future."
Supporting Argument
"125,000 households in rural areas of our district will finally get high-speed internet access. This closes the digital divide that's been holding back our students and small businesses."
Opposition Argument
"The CBO scores this bill with $340 billion in unfunded spending. We're adding to the national debt our children will have to pay. We should find offsets first."
Opposition Argument
"Davis-Bacon wage requirements will inflate costs by 20%. The same projects could be built for less money without federal prevailing wage mandates."
Stakeholder Positions
Key interest group stances

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Strong support. "Critical investment in competitiveness. We urge swift passage."

AFL-CIO

Strong support. Davis-Bacon provisions ensure good wages for workers.

National Governors Association

Bipartisan support from 42 governors. "States need this federal partnership."

Environmental Defense Fund

Mixed. Supports clean energy provisions but wants stronger climate mandates.

Club for Growth

Opposed. "Massive spending without offsets. Key vote for our scorecard."

Heritage Foundation

Opposed. Recommends "no" vote citing debt concerns and federal overreach.

Legislative Timeline
Bill progress tracker
Jun 4, 2021

Bill Introduced

H.R. 3684 introduced by Rep. Peter DeFazio (D-OR) as INVEST in America Act

Aug 10, 2021

Senate Passage

Senate passes bipartisan infrastructure bill 69-30 (19 Republican votes)

Aug 11, 2021

CBO Score Released

$550B in new spending; projected $256B increase to deficit over 10 years

Nov 5, 2021

House Final Passage

House passes Senate version 228-206 (13 Republican votes)

Nov 15, 2021

Signed Into Law

President Biden signs IIJA as Public Law 117-58

Recommended Actions
Strategic advocacy steps
1

Contact Undecided Members

20 members remain undecided. Focus constituent outreach on these swing votes in the next 4 days.

2

Prepare Amendment Strategy

12 floor amendments expected. Review each for potential district impact and develop position recommendations.

3

Coordinate Local Voices

Line up mayors, county commissioners, and business leaders to provide supportive quotes for press releases.

4

Monitor Senate Companion

S. 2847 has 58 cosponsors in Senate. Track for potential reconciliation differences that may affect House position.

Amendment Watch
Potential changes to monitor
Johnson Amendment (R-OH)
Expected Vote: Close
Would reduce broadband funding by $15B and redirect to deficit reduction. District impact: would cut rural broadband allocation by 23%.
Garcia Amendment (D-TX)
Likely to Pass
Adds $2B for border infrastructure improvements including ports of entry. Bipartisan support from border-state delegations.
Freedom Caucus MTC
Expected to Fail
Motion to recommit would strip all climate provisions and reduce total by $200B. Unlikely to succeed but will force recorded vote.